Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation

In the frame of global demand for electrical storage based on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their recycling with a focus circular economy is critical topic. terms political incentives, European legislative currently under revision. Most industrial processes target valuable battery components, such as nickel and cobalt, but do not lithium recovery. Especially in context reduced cobalt shares cathodes, it important to investigate environmentally friendly economic robust ensure mobilization. this study, method early-stage recovery (“ESLR”) studied detail. Its concept comprises shifting beginning chemo-metallurgical part process chain comparison state-of-the-art. detail, full NCM (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide)-based electric vehicle cells are thermally treated recover heat-treated black mass. Then, mass subjected an H2O-leaching step examine share water-soluble phases. This compared carbonation treatment supercritical CO2, where higher extent from can be transferred aqueous solution than just by H2O-leaching. Key influencing factors yield filter cake purification, separation method, solid/liquid ratio, pyrolysis temperature atmosphere, setup autoclave carbonation, which performed H2O-environment or dry environment. The treatments study reached reactor working CO2 state. enables selective leaching H2O followed subsequent induced precipitation carbonate. approach, leads yields up 79%.